
Hormonal Feedback Mechanisms – Regulation of Endocrine Function
Introduction The endocrine system maintains hormonal balance through feedback mechanisms that regulate secretion based on physiological needs. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for diagnosi...

Endocrine Tumors – Diagnosis & Management
Introduction Endocrine tumors can be benign or malignant and affect hormonal function. Early detection and management are crucial. Common Endocrine Tumors 1. Pituitary Adenomas Prolactinoma, Acro...

Male Hypogonadism – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Introduction Male hypogonadism refers to testosterone deficiency due to gonadal or pituitary dysfunction, leading to infertility, reduced muscle mass, and low libido. Types of Hypogonadism 1. Prima...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – Pathophysiology ; Treatment
Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarie...

Pituitary Disorders – Causes and Management
Introduction The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates multiple endocrine organs. Pituitary disorders can lead to hormonal imbalances affecting various body systems. Common Pit...

Parathyroid Gland : Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Introduction The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis through parathyroid hormone (PTH). Dysregulation of PTH leads to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, causing metabolic dist...