Maternal Physiologic Adaptations to Pregnancy

Maternal Physiologic Adaptations to Pregnancy

Introduction
Pregnancy induces profound physiological changes in a woman's body to support the growing fetus. This blog highlights these adaptations across various systems.

Body

  1. Cardiovascular System

    • Blood volume increases by 25-40%.
    • Cardiac output rises to meet fetal needs.
    • Hyperdynamic circulation can cause varicose veins and edema.
  2. Respiratory System

    • Increased oxygen consumption (+20%).
    • Elevated diaphragm reduces total lung capacity but increases tidal volume.
  3. Urinary System

    • Bladder compression leads to urinary frequency.
    • Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) causes polyuria.
  4. Gastrointestinal System

    • Hormonal changes slow gastric motility, causing constipation.
    • Increased risk of reflux due to reduced gastroesophageal sphincter tone.
  5. Endocrine System

    • Placenta secretes relaxin and human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS).
    • Increased insulin resistance may lead to gestational diabetes.

Conclusion
Understanding these adaptations helps medical students diagnose and manage pregnancy-related complications effectively.

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