Introduction
Pregnancy induces profound physiological changes in a woman's body to support the growing fetus. This blog highlights these adaptations across various systems.
Body
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Cardiovascular System
- Blood volume increases by 25-40%.
- Cardiac output rises to meet fetal needs.
- Hyperdynamic circulation can cause varicose veins and edema.
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Respiratory System
- Increased oxygen consumption (+20%).
- Elevated diaphragm reduces total lung capacity but increases tidal volume.
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Urinary System
- Bladder compression leads to urinary frequency.
- Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) causes polyuria.
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Gastrointestinal System
- Hormonal changes slow gastric motility, causing constipation.
- Increased risk of reflux due to reduced gastroesophageal sphincter tone.
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Endocrine System
- Placenta secretes relaxin and human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS).
- Increased insulin resistance may lead to gestational diabetes.
Conclusion
Understanding these adaptations helps medical students diagnose and manage pregnancy-related complications effectively.